Optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) – ein neues diagnostisches Instrument in der Psychiatrie?

Zusammenfassung

Die optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) ist ein nicht-invasives, kontaktloses bildgebendes Verfahren, das eine „In-vivo“-Darstellung der Retina ermöglicht. Die OCT ermöglicht die quantitative Messung der retinalen Nervenfaserschichtdicke (RNFLT) und der Makuladicke (MT) und ist außerdem geeignet, Volumina wie z. B. das Makulavolumen (MV) zu messen. In jüngster Zeit fand sie zunehmend Anwendung im Bereich neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen und demonstrierte ihr Potential als ein mögliches diagnostisches Instrument. In den letzten Jahren etablierte sich durch verschiedene volumetrische MRT-Studien die Hypothese, dass auch psychische Störungen wie die Schizophrenie oder die unipolare Depression eine degenerative Komponente besitzen. Mit dieser Übersichtsarbeit möchten wir die Methode der OCT erläutern, auf deren Einsatz in der Medizin und ihre bisherige Anwendung in der Psychiatrie eingehen sowie weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten im psychiatrischen Fachgebiet beleuchten.

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive, contact-less imaging method which provides an “in vivo” representation of the retina. It allows the quantitative measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and macula thickness (MT) and, in addition, is suitable to measure volumes (e. g., macula volume/MV). In the research of neurodegenerative diseases, OCT has been increasingly used and has shown its potential as a possible diagnostic tool over the course of the last few years. In recent years, the hypothesis that mental disorders like schizophrenia or unipolar depressive disorder have a degenerative component was established through a variety of volumetric MRI studies. This review article aims to present the method of OCT, to display its recent use in medicine and psychiatry, as well as to examine possible additional applications in the field of psychiatry.

Schlüsselwörter

kontaktloses bildgebendes Verfahren - retinale Nervenfaserschichtdicke - Makulavolumen - technischer Marker - Schizophrenie - Depression

Key words

contact-less imaging technique - retinal nerve fiber layer thickness - macula volume - technical biomarker - schizophrenia - depression

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